



DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director 

Water-Supply Paper 348 



PROFILE SURVEYS 



IN 



HOOD AND SANDY RIVER BASINS 
OREGON 



PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OP 

R. B. MARSHALL, Chief Geographer 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1914 




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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
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http://www.archive.org/details/profilesurveysin07mars 



DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director 



"Water- Supply Paper 318 



PROFILE SURVEYS 

IN 

HOOD AND SANDY RIVER BASINS 
OREGON 



PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF 

R. B. MARSHALL, Chief Geographer 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1914 



.ft- 






0. OF 0. 

JAN 18 1915 



CONTENTS. 



Hood River drainage basin 5 

General features 5 

Gaging stations 5 

Sandy River drainage basin 6 

General features 6 

Gaging stations 6 

Publications 7 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Plate I. A-C, Plan and profile of Hood River, Oreg At end of volume. 

II. A-C, Plan and profile of Sandy and Zigzag rivers and Camp and Still 
t creeks above Marmot, Oreg At end of volume. 

49068°— WSP 348—14 3 



PROFILE SURVEYS IN HOOD AND SANDY RIVER 
BASINS, OREGON. 



Prepared under the direction of R. B. Marshall, Chief Geographer. 



HOOD RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

GENERAL, FEATURES. 

Hood River drains the northern slopes of Mount Hood. It is 
formed by the junction of the East and West forks, which drain 
opposite sides of the mountain, and flows northeastward into Colum- 
bia River at the town of Hood River. The waters of the stream are 
used for both water power and irrigation, and, as they are supplied 
from the glaciers on the mountain, the flow is well maintained 
through the summer months. The drainage area is heavily forested; 
although part of the area was burned many years ago. The mean 
annual precipitation at Hood River is 36 inches. The valley of the 
stream is noted for its apples, berries, and other fruit. The results 
of profile surveys in the Hood River basin are given in Plate I (at 
end of volume) . 

GAGING STATIONS. 

The Geological Survey has maintained in the basin of Hood River 
the gaging stations indicated by the following list. The stations are 
arranged in downstream order, the position of tributaries being 
indicated by indention. A dash after a date indicates that the 
station was being maintained June 30, 1913. A period after a date 
indicates discontinuance. 

Hood River at Dee, Oreg., May 21, 1913— 
Hood River at Winans, Oreg., 1905-7; 1910— 
Hood River near Tucker, Oreg., 1897-99; 1913— 
Hood River at Hood River, Oreg., 1913— 

East Fork of Hood River near Mount Hood, Oreg., 1913 — 

East Fork irrigation canal near Mount Hood, Oreg., 1913 — 

West Fork of Hood River near Dee, Oreg., 1913 — 



6 PROFILE SURVEYS IN HOOD AND SANDY RIVER BASINS, OREGON. 

SANDY RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

GENERAL FEATURES. 

Sandy River heads in the glaciers of Mount Hood, flows northwest- 
ward, and unites with Columbia River at Troutdale. It drains the 
western slope of the Cascade Mountains at their northern extremity 
in Oregon. The principal tributaries are Bull Run River, which 
drains the Oregon National Forest and furnishes the water supply for 
the city of Portland; Salmon and Little Sandy rivers, and Zigzag, 
Camp, and Still creeks. The drainage area includes 521 square miles 
at the mouth of the river, 228 square miles above the mouth of Bull 
Run River, and 118 square miles above the mouth of Zigzag Creek. 
The drainage area of Bull Run River at the mouth is 168 square miles. 

The mean annual precipitation at Bull Run is 76 inches ; at Govern- 
ment Camp, 87 inches. It is likely, however, that the figure for 
Government Camp is not representative, because of the close prox- 
imity of the station to Mount Hood. A large part of the precipitation 
on the headwater region falls as snow. In the foothills, however, it 
nearly all appears as rain during the nine months from September to 
May. The value of the waters of this stream lies in their availability 
for municipal water supplies and in the water power that can be 
generated by them. Favorable sites for power development are 
numerous and the distance from any of them to an industrial center is 
not great. A large part of the drainage area is heavily forested. 
There are many areas from which the timber was burned a good many 
years ago, but these areas have grown up in second-growth timber and 
the underbrush is almost impenetrable. 

As is usual with glacier-fed streams, a protracted period of cold 
weather is likely to cause for a short time in winter a lower discharge 
than the natural low-water flow in the summer. 

The best storage site in the basin is probably at Summit Swamp, 
on Salmon River, in sees. 6, 7, and 18, T. 4 S., R. 9 E., where about 
60,000 acre-feet of water can be impounded with a 150-foot dam. At 
Bull Run Lake the water leaks through a natural dam of glacial 
bowlders. The natural storage thus provided probably could not be 
augmented artificially except at a prohibitive cost. 

The results of profile surveys in the Sandy River basin are set forth 
in Plate II (at end of volume) . 

GAGING STATIONS. 

The Geological Survey has maintained in the basin of Sandy River 
the gaging stations indicated by the following list. The stations are 
arranged in downstream order, the position of tributaries being indi- 



PROFILE SURVEYS IN HOOD AND SANDY RIVER BASINS, OREGON. 7 

catod by indention. A dash after a date indicates that the station 
was being maintained June 30, 1913; a period after a date indicates 
discontinuance. 

Sandy River above Salmon River, at Brightwood, Oreg., 1910 — 
Sandy River below Salmon River, near Brightwood, Oreg., 1907-1911. 
Sandy River near Marmot, Oreg., 1911 — 

Sandy River above Bull Run River, near Bull Run, Oreg., 1910-1912. 
Sandy River below Bull Run River, near Bull Run, Oreg., 1910— 

Clear Fork of Sandy River, near Welches, Oreg., 1913— 

Lost Creek, near Welches, Oreg., 1913 — 

Zigzag Creek, at Rowe, Oreg., 1910-1913. 

Still Creek, near Rowe, Oreg., 1910-1912. 

Salmon River, near Rowe, Oreg., 1910-1912. 

Salmon River, at Welches, Oreg., 1913 — 

Salmon River, near Brightwood, Oreg., 1912-13. 

B«ll Run River, near Bull Run, Oreg., 1907— 

Little Sandy River, near Marmot, Oreg., 1913- — 

Little Sandy River, near Bull Run, Oreg., 1911-1913. 

Little Sandy River flume, near Bull Run, Oreg., 1911-1913. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

The following publications of the Geological Survey contain the 
results of investigations of stream flow at the stations indicated in the 
preceding lists : 

Hood River basin : 

Annual Reports: Nineteenth, Part IV; Twentieth, Part IV; Twenty-first, Part IV. 

Water-Supply Papers: 16, 28, 38, 178, 214, 252, and 362. » 
Sandy River basin : 

Water-Supply Papers: 252, 272, 292, 312, 332, » 362. 1 

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 
Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 
of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated below. 

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the 
Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition 
printed for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted. 

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superin- 
tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, 
D. C, who will on application furnish lists giving prices. 

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the prin- 
cipal cities in the United States. 

1 In preparation June, 1914. 



8 PROFILE SURVEYS IN HOOD AND SANDY RIVER BASINS, OREGON. 

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 
of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows: 

Albany, N. Y., Room 18, Federal Building. 

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building. 

St. Paul, Minn., Old Capitol Building. 

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building. 

Denver, Colo., 302 Chamber of Commerce Building. 

Salt Lake City, Utah, Federal Building. 

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building. 

Portland, Oreg., 416 Couch Building. 

Tacoma, Wash., Federal Building. 

San Francisco, Cal., 328 Customhouse. 

Los Angeles, Cal., Federal Building. 

Santa Fe, N. Mex., Capitol Building. 

Honolulu, Hawaii, Kapiolani Building. 

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained by 
applying to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 
Washington, D. C. 

o 



U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH. DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 

JOHN H. LEWIS. STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE' OF 

HOOD RIVER 

OREGON 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 348 PLATE I A 



















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GEORGE OTIS SMITH. DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 

JOHN H LEWIS. STATE ENGINEER 



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OREGON 



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U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH. DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 

JOHN H. LEWIS. STATE ENGINEER 



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OREGON 



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U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH. DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 

JOHN H. LEWIS. STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE OF 

SANDY AND ZIGZAG RIVERS. CAMP AND STILL CREEKS 

ABOVE MARMOT, OREGON 



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GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 

JOHN H. LEWIS. STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE OF 

SANDY AND ZIGZAG RIVERS. CAMP AND STILL CREEKS 

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GEORGE OTIS SMITH. DIRECTOR 

STATE OF OREGON 

JOHN H. LEWIS. STATE ENGINEER 



PLAN AND PROFILE OF 
SANDY AND ZIGZAG RIVERS. CAMP AND STILL CREEKS 

ABOVE MARMOT. OREGON 



WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 348 PLATE II C 




R. B. Marshall, Chief Geographer 
T. G. Gerdine. Geographer in charge 
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